If you've ever used poppers and felt that sudden, warm wave of euphoria known as the “rush”, you’re not alone. Loved by clubbers, partygoers, and members of the LGBTQ+ community across the UK, poppers are often seen as a fun and fast-acting part of nightlife culture.
But what actually causes that rush? What’s going on in your brain and body when you inhale poppers? In this post, we explore the science behind the poppers rush, and why these little bottles pack such a punch.
What Are Poppers?
Poppers is the common name for a group of chemicals known as alkyl nitrites, typically sold in small bottles and inhaled for their short, intense effects. Originally developed in the 1800s to treat angina (chest pain), their recreational use took off in the 1970s and has remained popular, especially in club scenes and during sex.
The most common forms include:
- Amyl nitrite
- Isopropyl nitrite
- Butyl nitrite
The Science of the “Rush”
So what actually happens when you inhale poppers?
1. Vasodilation and Blood Pressure Drop
The core effect of alkyl nitrites is vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels. This happens rapidly after inhalation and causes an immediate drop in blood pressure. Your heart responds by beating faster to maintain blood flow, which leads to a flushed face, warm sensation, and increased heart rate, what many describe as the signature “rush”.
Key symptoms of the rush:
- Feeling light-headed or dizzy
- Facial warmth or flushing
- A sense of relaxation and lowered inhibitions
- Heightened tactile sensitivity
2. Effects on the Brain
While poppers don’t create a traditional “high” like cannabis or MDMA, the rapid cardiovascular changes can affect how oxygen and blood move through the brain. This change creates a short-lived sense of euphoria or headiness. Some users report enhanced sensory perception or mild distortions in sound and light.
However, the effects are usually very short-lived, often lasting from a few seconds to a couple of minutes.
Why Are Poppers Used During Sex?
The science of poppers also explains why they are often used in sexual settings.
- Muscle relaxation: Poppers help relax smooth muscle tissue, including the anal sphincter, which can make sex more comfortable or pleasurable for some.
- Increased blood flow: The enhanced blood flow can intensify arousal and sensation.
- Lowered inhibitions: The mild euphoria and sense of disinhibition can make people feel more open and relaxed.
This combination has made poppers a long-standing part of queer sexual culture — particularly among gay and bisexual men.
Are Poppers Safe?
Poppers are generally considered low-risk when used occasionally and responsibly. However, there are some scientific and health considerations to be aware of:
Don’t mix with Viagra or other PDE5 inhibitors – this can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.
Prolonged or frequent use can irritate the respiratory system and potentially damage the nose lining.
Never ingest poppers – they are toxic if swallowed and can cause serious harm or death.
Spilled poppers can cause skin burns – always use with caution and wipe any spills immediately.
As with any substance, moderation and informed use are key. If you ever feel unwell after using poppers, seek medical attention.
How Long Do Poppers Last in the System?
Because poppers are inhaled and metabolised rapidly, they don’t stay in the body long. The effects wear off in minutes, and they are usually cleared from the bloodstream within a few hours. Unlike alcohol or cannabis, they don’t show up on standard drug tests and typically leave no trace the next day.
